Nhanganyaya: Jekiseni molding ndiyo yekutanga maitiro mucosmetic yekurongedza zvinhu.Maitiro ekutanga anowanzo kuumba jekiseni, iyo inotaridza zvakananga mhando yechigadzirwa uye kubereka.Kumisikidzwa kweiyo jekiseni yekuumba maitiro kunofanirwa kufunga nezve 7 zvinhu senge shrinkage, fluidity, crystallinity, kupisa-sensitive mapurasitiki uye nyore hydrolyzed mapurasitiki, kunetseka kuputika uye kunyunguduka kunyunguduka, kupisa kwekuita uye kutonhora mwero, uye kunyura unyoro.Ichi chinyorwa chakanyorwa naShanghai rainbow package.Goverana zvine chekuita neizvi zvinhu zvinomwe, kune referensi yeshamwari dzako mune yekugovera ketani yeYoupin:
Jekiseni kuumba
Jekiseni molding, inozivikanwawo sejekiseni molding, inzira yekuumba inosanganisa jekiseni nekuumba.Zvakanakira nzira yekugadzira jekiseni inokurumidza kugadzira kukurumidza, kushanda kwakanyanya, kushanda kunogona kuita otomatiki, akasiyana mavara, maumbirwo anogona kubva nyore kuenda kune akaomarara, saizi inogona kubva kuhombe kusvika kudiki, uye saizi yechigadzirwa ndeyechokwadi, chigadzirwa. iri nyore kugadzirisa, uye inogona kugadzirwa kuita maumbirwo akaomarara.Zvikamu uye jekiseni molding dzakakodzera kugadzirwa kwakawanda uye kuumba minda yekugadzirisa senge zvigadzirwa zvine maumbirwo akaomarara.Pane imwe tembiricha, iyo yakanyatsonyungudutswa yepurasitiki zvinhu inomutswa ne screw, inopinzwa mugomba rekuumbwa nekumanikidza kwakanyanya, uye yakatonhodzwa nekusimbiswa kuti iwane chigadzirwa chakaumbwa.Iyi nzira yakakodzera kugadzirwa kwehuwandu hwezvikamu zvine maumbirwo akaoma uye ndeimwe yenzira dzakakosha dzekugadzirisa.
01
Shrinkage
Izvo zvinhu zvinokanganisa shrinkage ye thermoplastic molding ndeiyi inotevera:
1) Mhando dzepurasitiki: Munguva yekuumbwa kwe thermoplastic mapurasitiki, kuchine shanduko yevhoriyamu inokonzerwa necrystallization, kusimba kwemukati kushushikana, kusara kwakakura kunetseka kwakaomeswa nechando muzvikamu zvepurasitiki, yakasimba mamolecular kutaridzika uye zvimwe zvinhu, saka zvichienzaniswa ne thermoset mapurasitiki, iyo shrinkage. chiyero chakakura, iyo shrinkage range yakafara, uye kutungamira kuri pachena.Uye zvakare, iyo shrinkage mushure mekuumbwa, annealing kana humidity conditioning kazhinji yakakura kupfuura iyo thermosetting mapurasitiki.
2) Hunhu hwechikamu chepurasitiki.Kana iyo yakanyungudutswa yasangana nepamusoro pegomba, dhiri rekunze rinobva ratonhodzwa kuita goko rakadzika-density yakasimba.Nekuda kwehurombo hwekupisa kwepurasitiki, chikamu chemukati chechikamu chepurasitiki chinotonhodzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuti chiite dhizaini yakasimba yakasimba ine shrinkage yakakura.Naizvozvo, ukobvu hwemadziro, kutonhora kunononoka, uye high-density layer ukobvu kunoderera zvakanyanya.
Uye zvakare, kuvepo kana kusavapo kwekuisa uye dhizaini uye huwandu hwekuisa hunokanganisa zvakananga kutungamira kwekuyerera kwezvinhu, density kugovera uye shrinkage kuramba.Naizvozvo, hunhu hwezvikamu zvepurasitiki zvine chekuita zvakanyanya pakuderera uye kutungamira.
3) Zvinhu zvakaita sechimiro, saizi, uye kugovera kweyekudyira inlet zvinokanganisa zvakananga gwara rekuyerera kwezvinhu, density kugovera, kumanikidza kuchengetedza uye kuderera mhedzisiro uye kuumba nguva.Yakananga madhishi ekudya uye madhishi ekudya ane mahombe-zvikamu (kunyanya akakora muchinjiko-zvikamu) ane kushoma kuderera asi kutungamira kukuru, uye mapfupi madoko ane hupamhi hupfupi uye kureba ane kushomeka kwekutungamira.Idzo dziri padyo nekudya kunopinza kana kuenderana negwara rekuyerera kwezvinhu zvichaderera zvakanyanya.
4) Mamiriro ekuumbwa Kupisa kwe mold kwakakwira, zvinhu zvakanyungudutswa zvinotonhora zvishoma nezvishoma, density yakakwira, uye shrinkage yakakura.Kunyanya kune iyo crystalline zvinhu, iyo shrinkage yakakura nekuda kwepamusoro crystallinity uye yakakura vhoriyamu shanduko.Iyo mold tembiricha yekugovera inoenderanawo nemukati uye kunze kutonhora uye density yunifomu yechikamu chepurasitiki, iyo inobata zvakananga saizi uye kutungamira kwe shrinkage yechikamu chimwe nechimwe.
Mukuwedzera, kubata kumanikidzwa uye nguva kunewo kukanganisa kukuru pakugadzirisa, uye chibvumirano chacho chiduku asi kutungamira kwakakura kana kumanikidzwa kwakakwirira uye nguva yakareba.Iyo jekiseni pressure yakakwira, iyo melt viscosity mutsauko idiki, iyo interlayer shear stress idiki, uye elastic rebound mushure mekudhirowa yakakura, saka shrinkage inogona zvakare kuderedzwa nehuwandu hwakakodzera.Iyo tembiricha yezvinhu yakakwira, iyo shrinkage yakakura, asi iyo nzira idiki.Naizvozvo, kugadzirisa tembiricha yekuumbwa, kudzvanywa, kumhanya kwejekiseni uye nguva yekutonhora panguva yekuumbwa kunogonawo kushandura zvakakodzera shrinkage yechikamu chepurasitiki.
Paunenge uchigadzira mold, maererano ne shrinkage renji yemapurasitiki akasiyana, ukobvu hwemadziro uye chimiro chechikamu chepurasitiki, saizi uye kugoverwa kweiyo inlet fomu, shrinkage rate yechikamu chimwe nechimwe chechikamu chepurasitiki inotarwa zvinoenderana neruzivo, uye ipapo saizi yegomba inoverengerwa.
Kune yakakwirira-chaiyo zvikamu zvepurasitiki uye kana zvichinetsa kubata shrinkage rate, nzira dzinotevera dzinofanira kushandiswa kugadzira mold:
Tora diki shrinkage chiyero chekunze dhayamita yechikamu chepurasitiki, uye yakakura shrinkage mwero wedhayamita yemukati, kuitira kuti usiye nzvimbo yekururamisa mushure mebvunzo mold.
Miyedzo molds inosarudza fomu, saizi uye kuumbwa mamiriro eiyo gating system.
Zvikamu zvepurasitiki zvinofanirwa kugadziridzwa zvinoiswa pasi pekugadzirisa kuti uone shanduko yehukuru (chiyero chinofanira kunge chiri maawa makumi maviri nemana mushure mekudhirowa).
Gadzirisa mold maererano ne shrinkage chaiyo.
Edzazve mold uye zvakakodzera shandura mamiriro ekugadzirisa kuti agadzirise zvishoma kukosha kwe shrinkage kuti asangane nezvinodiwa zvechikamu chepurasitiki.
02
fluidity
1) Iyo fluidity ye thermoplastics inogona kuwanzo kuongororwa kubva munhevedzano ye indexes senge molecular uremu, melt index, Archimedes spiral kuyerera kureba, inooneka viscosity uye kuyerera ratio (process kureba / epurasitiki chikamu madziro ukobvu).
Diki mamorekuru huremu, yakafara molecular uremu kugovera, kushomeka kwema molecular chimiro chenguva dzose, yakakwira melt index, kureba kutenderera kuyerera kureba, kuderera kunooneka viscosity, kuyerera kwakanyanya, kuyerera kwakanaka, mapurasitiki ane zita rechigadzirwa chimwe chete anofanirwa kutarisa mirairo yavo kuti vaone kana fluidity yavo. inoshanda Pakuumba jekiseni.
Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa mold dhizaini, iyo fluidity yemapurasitiki anowanzo shandiswa anogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu:
Yakanaka fluidity PA, PE, PS, PP, CA, poly (4) methylpentene;
Medium fluidity Polystyrene series resin (yakadai seABS, AS), PMMA, POM, polyphenylene ether;
Yakashata fluidity PC, yakaoma PVC, polyphenylene ether, polysulfone, polyarylsulfone, fluoroplastics.
2) The fluidity yemapurasitiki akasiyana anochinjawo nekuda kweakasiyana ekuumba zvinhu.Zvikuru zvinofurira zvinhu ndezvizvi:
①Kupisa kwepamusoro kwezvinhu kunowedzera kuyerera, asi mapurasitiki akasiyana ane misiyano yawo, senge PS (kunyanya ayo ane yakanyanya kusimba kuramba uye yakakwirira MFR kukosha), PP, PA, PMMA, yakagadziridzwa polystyrene (yakadai seABS, AS) The fluidity ye, PC. , CA nemamwe mapurasitiki anosiyana zvakanyanya nekushisa.Kune PE nePOM, kuwedzera tembiricha kana kudzikira hakuna mhedzisiro pamvura yavo.Naizvozvo, iyo yekutanga inofanirwa kugadzirisa tembiricha panguva yekuumbwa kudzora fluidity.
②Kana kudzvanywa kwekuumbwa kwejekiseni kuchiwedzerwa, zvinhu zvakanyungudutswa zvinoiswa pasi pekuveura kukuru, uye fluidity inowedzerawo, kunyanya PE nePOM inonyanya kunzwisiswa, saka kudzvanywa kwejekiseni kunofanirwa kugadziridzwa kudzora kuyerera panguva yekuumbwa.
③Iyo fomu, saizi, dhizaini, inotonhorera sisitimu dhizaini yechimiro che mold, kuyerera kuramba kwezvinhu zvakanyungudutswa (senge kupera kwepamusoro, ukobvu hwechikamu chechiteshi, chimiro chegomba, iyo yekuburitsa system) uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakananga. kukanganisa zvinhu zvakanyungudutswa mumhango Iko kunyunguduka kwemukati mukati, kana iyo yakanyungudutswa yakasimudzirwa kuderedza kutonhora uye kuwedzera kupikisa kwemvura, iyo fluidity ichaderera.Paunenge uchigadzira mold, chimiro chinonzwisisika chinofanira kusarudzwa maererano nekuyerera kwepurasitiki inoshandiswa.
Munguva yekuumbwa, tembiricha yemidziyo, tembiricha yekuumbwa, kudzvanywa kwejekiseni, kumhanya kwejekiseni uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinogonawo kudzorwa kuti zvigadzirise zvakakodzera mamiriro ekuzadza kuti asangane nezvinodiwa zvekuumba.
03
Crystallinity
Thermoplastics inogona kupatsanurwa kuita crystalline mapurasitiki uye asiri-crystalline (anozivikanwawo seamorphous) mapurasitiki maererano nekusina kwavo crystallization panguva yekumisikidza.
Iyo inonzi crystallization phenomenon inoreva chokwadi chekuti kana ipurasitiki yachinja kubva payakanyungudutswa kuenda kune yakanyungudutswa mamiriro, mamorekuru anofamba akazvimirira uye akazara mune kusagadzikana.Mamorekuru anomira kufamba akasununguka, dzvanya nzvimbo yakamisikidzwa zvishoma, uye ane katsika kekuita kuti hurongwa hwemamorekuru huve modhi yenguva dzose.Chiitiko ichi.
Maitiro ekuonekwa ekutonga marudzi maviri aya emapurasitiki anogona kutariswa nekujeka kwezvikamu zvepurasitiki zvakakora.Kazhinji, makristasi emidziyo ane opaque kana translucent (senge POM, nezvimwewo), uye amorphous zvinhu zviri pachena (senge PMMA, nezvimwewo).Asi pane zvisizvo.Semuenzaniso, poly(4) methylpentene ipurasitiki ine crystalline asi ine kujeka kwepamusoro, uye ABS ndeye amorphous zvinhu asi isiri pachena.
Paunenge uchigadzira mold uye kusarudza majekiseni ekuumba muchina, teerera kune zvinotevera zvinodiwa uye zvekuchengetedza zvekristaro mapurasitiki:
Kupisa kunodiwa kusimudza tembiricha yezvinhu kusvika kune tembiricha yekugadzira inoda kupisa kwakawanda, uye midziyo ine yakakura plasticizing simba inodiwa.
Kupisa kukuru kunobudiswa panguva yekutonhora uye kutendeuka, saka inofanira kutonhodzwa zvakakwana.
Iyo chaiyo giravhiti mutsauko pakati peyakanyungudutswa uye yakasimba nyika yakakura, iyo yekuumba shrinkage yakakura, uye shrinkage uye pores zvinowanzoitika.
Kukurumidza kutonhora, yakaderera crystallinity, shrinkage diki uye kujeka kwakanyanya.Iyo crystallinity inoenderana nemadziro emadziro echikamu chepurasitiki, uye ukobvu hwemadziro hunononoka kutonhora, iyo crystallinity yakakwirira, iyo shrinkage yakakura, uye hunhu hwepanyama hwakanaka.Naizvozvo, tembiricha yekuumbwa yezvinhu zvekristaro inofanirwa kudzorwa sezvinodiwa.
Iyo anisotropy yakakosha uye kushushikana kwemukati kwakakura.Mamolekyulu asina kucheneswa mushure mekudhirowa ane tsika yekuramba achipenya, ari mune simba kusaenzana, uye anowanzo chinja uye warpage.
Iyo crystallization tembiricha yemhando yakatetepa, uye zviri nyore kuita kuti zvinhu zvisina kunyunguduka zvipinzwe mu mold kana kuvhara chiteshi chekudya.
04
Mapurasitiki anonzwa kupisa uye mapurasitiki ari nyore hydrolyzed
1) Kunzwa kwekupisa kunoreva kuti mamwe mapurasitiki anonyanya kunzwa kupisa.Vachadziyirwa kwenguva yakareba pakupisa kwepamusoro kana chikamu chekuvhura chikafu chidiki kwazvo.Kana iyo yekuveura mhedzisiro yakakura, tembiricha yemidziyo inokwira nyore kukonzeresa kushanduka, kuderera uye kuora.Chimiro chepurasitiki chinonzi kupisa-sensitive plastiki.
Zvakadai sePVC yakaoma, polyvinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate copolymer, POM, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, etc. Mapurasitiki anopisa anopisa anobudisa monomers, magasi, masimbi uye mamwe ma-products panguva yekuora.Kunyanya, mamwe magasi ekuora ane zvinogumbura, zvinoparadza kana zvine chepfu pamuviri wemunhu, midziyo, uye mold.
Naizvozvo, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune dhizaini yekugadzira, jekiseni rekugadzira muchina kusarudzwa uye kuumba.Screw injection molding machine inofanira kushandiswa.Chikamu chekudira system chinofanira kunge chakakura.Iyo mold uye dhiramu zvinofanirwa kuve chrome-plated.Wedzera stabilizer kuti uderedze kunzwa kwayo kupisa.
2) Kunyange kana mamwe mapurasitiki (akadai sePC) ane mvura shoma, inoora pasi pekushisa kwepamusoro uye kudzvinyirira kukuru.Iyi pfuma inonzi nyore hydrolysis, iyo inofanirwa kupiswa uye kuomeswa pamberi.
05
Stress kuputika uye kunyunguduka kuputsika
1) Mamwe mapurasitiki anonzwa kushushikana.Ivo vanowanzoita kushushikana kwemukati panguva yekuumbwa uye vane brittle uye nyore kutsemuka.Zvikamu zvepurasitiki zvichatsemuka pasi pekuita kwesimba rekunze kana solvent.
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kunze kwekuwedzera kuwedzera kune zvigadzirwa zvekugadzirisa kuputika, kutarisa kunofanira kubhadharwa pakuomesa zvinhu, uye mamiriro ekuumba anofanirwa kusarudzwa zvinonzwisisika kuderedza kushushikana kwemukati uye kuwedzera kuputika.Uye inofanira kusarudza chimiro chinonzwisisika chezvikamu zvepurasitiki, hazvina kukodzera kuisa kuisa uye mamwe matanho ekuderedza kushungurudzika.
Paunenge uchigadzira mold, iyo yekumisikidza angle inofanirwa kuwedzerwa, uye inonzwisisika feed inlet uye ejection mechanism inofanira kusarudzwa.Iyo tembiricha yemidziyo, tembiricha yekuumbwa, kudzvanywa kwejekiseni uye nguva yekutonhora inofanirwa kugadziridzwa zvakakodzera panguva yekuumbwa, uye edza kudzivirira kudonha kana chikamu chepurasitiki chikanyanya kutonhora uye brittle crack resistance, kubvisa kushushikana kwemukati uye kurambidza kusangana nezvinonyungudutsa.
2) Kana polymer yakanyunguduka ine imwe nyunguduka yekuyerera ichipfuura nepaburi remuromo patembiricha yenguva dzose uye chiyero chekuyerera ichipfuura imwe kukosha, zviri pachena kuputika kwepazasi pamusoro pekunyungudika kunonzi kunyunguduka kunyungudika, izvo zvinokuvadza chitarisiko uye. zvinhu zvemuviri zvechikamu chepurasitiki.Naizvozvo, kana uchisarudza mapolymer ane yakakwira melt kuyerera mwero, muchinjiko-chikamu chemhino, mumhanyi, uye kuvhura kwekudya kunofanirwa kukwidziridzwa kuderedza jekiseni nekukurumidza uye kuwedzera tembiricha yechinhu.
06
Thermal performance uye kutonhora rate
1) Mapurasitiki akasiyana-siyana ane zvakasiyana-siyana zvekupisa zvakadai sekupisa kwakananga, kupisa kwemhepo, uye kupisa kwekushisa.Kuisa purasitiki nekupisa kwakanyanya kunoda huwandu hukuru hwekupisa, uye muchina wekuumba jekiseni une hukuru hweplasticizing hunofanirwa kushandiswa.Nguva yekutonhora yepurasitiki ine yakanyanya kupisa kupisa tembiricha inogona kupfupika uye kudhirowa kuri kwekutanga, asi kutonhora kunofanirwa kudziviswa mushure mekudonha.
Mapurasitiki ane yakaderera kupisa conductivity ane inononoka kutonhora mwero (senge ionic polymers, nezvimwewo), saka anofanirwa kuve akatonhodzwa zvakakwana kuti awedzere kutonhora kwe mold.Hot mumhanyi molds akakodzera mapurasitiki ane yakaderera chaiyo kupisa uye yakakwirira yekupisa conductivity.Plastics ane hombe chaiyo kupisa, yakaderera thermal conductivity, yakaderera thermal deformation tembiricha, uye inononoka kutonhora mwero haikodzeri kuumba-kumhanya.Michina yekuumba jekiseni yakakodzera uye yakakwidziridzwa mold kutonhora inofanira kusarudzwa.
2) Mapurasitiki akasiyana anodiwa kuchengetedza kutonhora kwakakodzera zvinoenderana nemhando dzawo, maitiro uye maumbirwo ezvikamu zvepurasitiki.Naizvozvo, mold inofanirwa kuve yakashongedzerwa nekudziya uye kutonhora masisitimu zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekuumba kuchengetedza imwe tembiricha yekuumbwa.Kana tembiricha yechinhu ichiwedzera tembiricha yekuumbwa, inofanirwa kunyoroveswa kudzivirira chikamu chepurasitiki kubva pakukanganisa mushure mekudhirowa, kupfupisa kutenderera kutenderera, uye kuderedza crystallinity.
Kana kupisa kwepurasitiki kusingakwani kuchengetedza mold pane imwe tembiricha, mold inofanirwa kunge yakashongedzerwa neinodziya system kuchengetedza mold pane imwe tembiricha kudzora chiyero chekutonhora, kuve nechokwadi chekuyerera, kugadzirisa mamiriro ekuzadza kana kudzora mapurasitiki. zvikamu kuti zvitonhore zvishoma nezvishoma.Dzivirira kutonhora kusina kuenzana mukati nekunze kwezvikamu zvepurasitiki zvakakora nemadziro uye kuwedzera kujeka.
Kune avo vane mvura yakanaka, nzvimbo yakakura yekuumba, uye tembiricha isina kuenzana, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekuumba ezvikamu zvepurasitiki, dzimwe nguva inoda kudziirwa kana kutonhodzwa neimwe nzira kana yemuno kudziyisa nekutonhodzwa.Kuti izvi zviitike, mold inofanira kunge yakashongedzerwa neinodziya inotonhorera kana yekudziya system.
07
Hygroscopicity
Nekuti kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuwedzera mumapurasitiki, izvo zvinovaita kuti vave nemadhigirii akasiyana ehukama hwehunyoro, mapurasitiki anogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: kunyudza hunyoro, kunamira kwemwando, uye kusatora uye kusiri tsvimbo mwando.Mvura yemvura muzvinyorwa inofanira kudzorwa mukati memuganhu unobvumirwa.Zvikasadaro, mwando unozova gasi kana hydrolyze pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya uye kudzvanywa kwakanyanya, izvo zvinozoita kuti resin ipupe furo, ideredze kuyerera, uye kuve nekushomeka kwechitarisiko uye michina.
Naizvozvo, mapurasitiki ehygroscopic anofanirwa kuve akapiswa neakakodzera nzira dzekudziya uye maratidziro sezvinodiwa kudzivirira kutorwazve kwehunyoro panguva yekushandiswa.
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Nguva yekutumira: Sep-27-2021